{"id":16402,"date":"2023-07-02T03:47:30","date_gmt":"2023-07-02T03:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/remminhdang.com\/tim-hieu-nicolaus-copernicus-ong-la-ai\/"},"modified":"2023-07-02T03:47:30","modified_gmt":"2023-07-02T03:47:30","slug":"tim-hieu-nicolaus-copernicus-ong-la-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/remminhdang.com\/tim-hieu-nicolaus-copernicus-ong-la-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Nicolaus Copernicus \u2013 \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ai"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\t\tNh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc <\/p>\n \t\t\tNicolaus Copernicus<\/a><\/span> – \u1ea2nh internet<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdcNicolausCopernicus l\u00e0 ai. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7aNicolaus Copernicus v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0<\/p>\n \t\tNicolaus Copernicus\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m (M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u1edf trung t\u00e2m) trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium). Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Copernicus sinh n\u0103m 1473 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Toru\u0144, \u1edf Ho\u00e0ng gia Ph\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ba Lan (1385\u20131569). \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf Ba Lan v\u00e0 \u00dd, v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Frombork, Ho\u00e0ng gia Ph\u1ed5, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1543.<\/p>\n \n \t\tNh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nicolaus Copernicus\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, lu\u1eadt gia, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n sang thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n tr\u1ebb, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n \n \t\tTi\u1ec3u s\u1eed chi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nicolaus Copernicus l\u00e0 ai<\/span><\/p>\n Copernicus sinh n\u0103m1473. Khi l\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi, cha \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Toru\u0144, qua \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1eb9 \u00f4ng, Barbara Watzenrode, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc cha \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadu \u0111\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Copernicus l\u00e0Lucas Watzenrode, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u1ef9 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1ee7y vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ecba h\u1ea1t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Warmia, nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ba anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t sau khi cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd qua \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Copernicus c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean v\u0103n. Copernicus c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh v\u00e0 hai ch\u1ecb em g\u00e1i:<\/p>\n N\u0103m1491,<\/p>\n \t\tCopernicus\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0o H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Krak\u00f3w(hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jagiellonian) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbithi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdcl\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Albert Brudzewskid\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. M\u00f4nkhoa h\u1ecdcn\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec “Potop”(“\u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n Ba Lan”) v\u00e0 mang v\u1ec1 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Uppsala). Sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u1edf Krak\u00f3w, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn \u1edf nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Toru\u0144, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00dd, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt v\u00e0y h\u1ecdct\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Bologna v\u00e0 Padua. \u00d4ng ch\u00fa gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 chi ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111ang h\u1ecdclu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ef9 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Ferrara, Copernicus \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara. Copernicus tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Copernicus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u0103m1497, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Novara, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u00a0<\/p>\n \t\tV\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3<\/span>(<\/p>\n \t\tDe revolutionibus orbium coelestium<\/span>).<\/p>\n \n \t\t \n \t\tT\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nicolaus<\/span>Copernicus<\/p>\n \t\tng\u1ed3i, c\u1ee7a Bertel Thorvaldsen, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc Ba Lan t\u1ea1i Warszawa<\/span><\/div>\n \t\t<\/p>\n \t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m Frombork v\u00e0o n\u0103m1501. Ngay khi v\u1eeba t\u1edbi n\u01a1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u00dd \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Padua (v\u1edbi Guarico v\u00e0 Fracastoro) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Ferrara (v\u1edbi Giovanni Bianchini), n\u01a1i \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ef9 n\u0103m1503. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Padua l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7aCicero v\u00e0 Platov\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m1504.<\/p>\n Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u00f4ng r\u1eddi \u00dd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Frombork. M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Warmia, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Linh (Holy Cross) \u1edf Wroc\u0142aw,Silesia, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u trong c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Nicolaus Copernicus \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7; v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Warmia, \u00f4ng t\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m1519, n\u0103m sinh c\u1ee7a Thomas Gresham l\u00e0 n\u0103m Copernicus ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Gresham. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0ngo\u1ea1i giao, choT\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5cWarmia.<\/p>\n N\u0103m1514, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft Commentariolus\u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay ng\u1eafn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m – ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Qu\u00e2n k\u1ecb s\u0129 Teutonic v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ba Lan (1519\u20131524) Copernicus \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Olsztyn v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng gia b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Albert x\u1ee9 Brandenburg.<\/p>\n N\u0103m1533, Albert Widmannstadtth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf Roma, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Copernicus. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1uh\u1ed3ng y gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7quan t\u00e2m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Clement VII. T\u1edbi n\u0103m1536l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Copernicus \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tai nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0nCh\u00e2u \u00c2u. Copernicus nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi m\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y Roma, 1 th\u00e1ng 11, 1536, H\u1ed3ng yNicola Sch\u00f6nberg x\u1ee9Capua \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Copernicus th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho h\u1ed3ng y; “V\u1eady th\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, T\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 g\u1eedi t\u00f4i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.” M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Copernicus l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n (t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng), trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n D\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Copernicus v\u1eabn tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng; l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f4ng khai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Lindberg v\u00e0 Numbers n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “N\u1ebfu Copernicus th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u1ef9 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng lo l\u1eafng. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng -Nicole Oresme(m\u1ed9tgi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c) \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 v\u00e0Nicholas x\u1ee9 Cusa(m\u1ed9th\u1ed3ng y gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7) th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 – \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.”<\/p>\n V\u00e0o n\u0103m1539, Copernicus v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f3) khi Georg Joachim Rheticus, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Wittenberg, t\u1edbi Frombork.Philipp Melanchthon \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho Rheticus t\u1edbi th\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Rheticus \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Copernicus v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, Narratio prima, ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u0103m1542, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Copernicus, Rheticus xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c h\u1ecdc(sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai cu\u1ed1nV\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng(De revolutionibus)). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Rheticus, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 quan, Copernicus cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd trao cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0Tiedemann Giese,gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 Che\u0142mno(Kulm), \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n cho Rheticus in \u1edf N\u00fcrnberg.<\/p>\n Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n in \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1nV\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay Copernicus \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u0129nh bi\u1ec7t opus vitae(“t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi”) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5-g\u00e2y ra h\u00f4n m\u00ea, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u00eam \u00e1i. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Copernicus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Frombork. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2005, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a Copernicus<\/p>\n \n \t\tTh\u00f4ng tin s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1Nicolaus Copernicus :<\/span><\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y sinh : 19\/02\/1473<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t : 24\/05\/2013<\/p>\n – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thuy\u1ebft h\u1ec7 nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh tinh quay xung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n Internet<\/p>\n T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a : Nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nicolaus Copernicus<\/a>, Nicolaus Copernicus l\u00e0 ai<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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